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The Tax Publishers Search, Seizures, etc.1. Power of survey (i) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other provisions of this Act, where an authority, on the basis of material in his possession, has reason to believe (the reasons for such belief to be recorded in writing) that an offence under section 3 has been committed, he may enter any place -- (a) within the limits of the area assigned to him; or (b) in respect of which he is authorised for the purposes of this section by such other authority, who is assigned the area within which such place is situated, at which any act constituting the commission of such offence is carried on, and may require any proprietor, employee or any other person who may at that time and place be attending in any manner to, or helping in, such act so as to, -- (a) afford him the necessary facility to inspect such records as he may require and which may be available at such place; (b) afford him the necessary facility to check or verify the proceeds of crime or any transaction related to proceeds of crime which may be found therein; and (c) furnish such information as he may require as to any matter which may be useful for, or relevant to, any proceedings under this Act. [Section 16(1)] The Explanation to section 16(1) states that, for the purposes of this sub-section, a place, where an act which constitutes the commission of the offence is carried on, shall also include any other place, whether any activity is carried on therein or not, in which the person carrying on such activity states that any of his records or any part of his property relating to such act are or is kept. [Explanation to section 16(1)] (ii) The authority referred to in sub-section (1) shall, after entering any place referred to in that sub-section immediately after completion of survey, forward a copy of the reasons so recorded along with material in his possession, referred to in that sub-section, to the Adjudicating Authority in a sealed envelope in the manner as may be prescribed and such Adjudicating Authority shall keep such reasons and material for such period as may be prescribed. [Section 16(2)] (iii) An authority acting under this section may -- (a) place marks of identification on the records inspected by him and make or cause to be made extracts or copies therefrom, (b) make an inventory of any property checked or verified by him, and (c) record the statement of any person present in the place which may be useful for, or relevant to, any proceeding under this Act. [Section 16(3)] 2. Search and seizure (i) Where the Director, on the basis of information in his possession, has reason to believe (the reason for such belief to be recorded in writing) that any person -- (a) has committed any act which constitutes money-laundering, or (b) is in possession of any proceeds of crime involved in money-laundering, or (c) is in possession of any records relating to money-laundering, then, subject to the rules made in this behalf, he may authorise any officer subordinate to him to -- (a) enter and search any building, place, vessel, vehicle or aircraft where he has reason to suspect that such records or proceeds of crime are kept; (b) break open the lock of any door, locker, safe, almirah or other receptacle for exercising the powers conferred by clause (a) where the keys thereof are not available; (c) seize any record or property found as a result of such search; (d) place marks of identification on such record or make or cause to be made extracts or copies therefrom; (e) make a note or an inventory of such record or property; (f) examine on oath any person, who is found to be in possession or control of any record or property, in respect of all matters relevant for the purposes of any investigation under this Act. [Section 17(1)] However, no search shall be conducted unless, in relation to an offence under-- (a) Paragraph 1 of Part A and Part B of the Schedule, a report has been forwarded to a Magistrate under section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973; or (b) Paragraph 2 of Part A of the Schedule, a police report or a complaint has been filed for taking cognizance of an offence by the Special Court constituted under sub-section (1) of section 36 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985. [Proviso to section 17(1)] (ii) The authority, who has been authorised under sub-section (1) shall, immediately after search and seizure, forward a copy of the reasons so recorded along with material in his possession, referred to in that sub-section, to the Adjudicating Authority in a sealed envelope, in the manner, as may be prescribed and such Adjudicating Authority shall keep such reasons and material for such period, as may be prescribed. [Section 17(2)] (iii) Where an authority, upon information obtained during survey under section 16, is satisfied that any evidence shall be or is likely to be concealed or tampered with, he may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, enter and search the building or place where such evidence is located and seize that evidence. [Section 17(3)] However, no authorisation referred to in sub-section (1) shall be required for search under this sub-section. [Proviso to section 17(3)] (iv) The authority, seizing any record or property under this section, shall, within a period of thirty days from such seizure, file an application, requesting for retention of such record or property, before the Adjudicating Authority. [Section 17(4)] 3. Search of persons (i) If an authority, authorised in this behalf by the Central Government by general or special order, has reason to believe (the reason for such belief to be recorded in writing) that any person has secreted about his person or in anything under his possession, ownership or control, any record or proceeds of crime which may be useful for or relevant to any proceedings under this Act, he may search that person and seize such record or property which may be useful for or relevant to any proceedings under this Act. [Section 18(1)] (ii) The authority, who has been authorised under sub-section (1) shall, immediately after search and seizure, forward a copy of the reasons so recorded along with material in his possession, referred to in that sub-section, to the Adjudicating Authority in a sealed envelope, in the manner, as may be prescribed, and such Adjudicating Authority shall keep such reasons and material for such period, as may be prescribed. [Section 18(2)] (iii) Where an authority is about to search any person, he shall, if such person so requires, take such person within twenty-four hours to the nearest Gazetted Officer, superior in rank to him, or a Magistrate. [Section 18(3)] However, the period of twenty-four hours shall exclude the time necessary for the journey undertaken to take such person to the nearest Gazetted Officer, superior in rank to him, or Magistrates Court. [Proviso to section 18(3)] (iv) If the requisition under sub-section (3) is made, the authority shall not detain the person for more than twenty-four hours prior to taking him before the Gazetted Officer, superior in rank to him, or the Magistrate referred to in that sub-section. [Section 18(4)] This is however provided that the period of twenty-four hours shall exclude the time necessary for the journey from the place of detention to the office of the Gazetted Officer, superior in rank to him, or the Magistrates Court. [Proviso to section 18(4)] (v) The Gazetted Officer or the Magistrate before whom any such person is brought, shall, if he sees no reasonable ground for search, forthwith discharge such person but otherwise shall direct that search be made. [Section 18(5)] (vi) Before making the search under sub-section (1) or sub-section (5), the authority shall call upon two or more persons to attend and witness the search, and the search shall be made in the presence of such persons. [Section 18(6)] (vii) The authority shall prepare a list of record or property seized in the course of the search and obtain the signatures of the witnesses on the list. [Section 18(7)] (viii) No female shall be searched by any one except a female. [Section 18(8)] (ix) The authority shall record the statement of the person searched under sub-section (1) or sub-section (5) in respect of the records or proceeds of crime found or seized in the course of the search. [Section 18(9)] However, no search of any person shall be made unless, in relation to an offence under -- (a) Paragraph 1 of Part A or Paragraph 1 or Paragraph 2 or Paragraph 3 or Paragraph 4 or Paragraph 5 of Part B of the Schedule, a report has been forwarded to a Magistrate under section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973; or (b) Paragraph 2 of Part A of the Schedule, a police report or a complaint has been filed for taking cognizance of an offence by the Special Court constituted under sub-section (1) of section 36 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985. [Proviso to section 18(9)] (xx) The authority, seizing any record or property under sub-section (1) shall, within a period of thirty days from such seizure, file an application requesting for retention of such record or property, before the Adjudicating Authority. [Section 18(10)] 4. Power to arrest (i) If the Director, Deputy Director, Assistant Director or any other officer authorised in this behalf by the Central Government by general or special order, has on the basis of material in his possession reason to believe (the reason for such belief to be recorded in writing) that any person has been guilty of an offence punishable under this Act, he may arrest such person and shall, as soon as may be, inform him of the grounds for such arrest. [Section 19(1)] (ii) The Director, Deputy Director, Assistant Director or any other officer shall, immediately after arrest of such person under sub-section (1), forward a copy of the order along with the material in his possession, referred to in that sub-section, to the Adjudicating Authority in a sealed envelope, in the manner, as may be prescribed and such Adjudicating Authority shall keep such order and material for such period, as may be prescribed. [Section 19(2)] (iii) Every person arrested under sub-section (1) shall, within twenty-four hours, be taken to a Judicial Magistrate or a Metropolitan Magistrate, as the case may be, having jurisdiction. [Section 19(3)] However, the period of twenty-four hours shall exclude the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Magistrates Court. [Section 19(4)] 5. Retention of property (i) Where any property has been seized under section 17 or section 18, and the officer authorised by the Director in this behalf has, on the basis of material in his possession, reason to believe (the reason for such belief to be recorded by him in writing) that such property is required to be retained for the purposes of adjudication under section 8, such property may be retained for a period not exceeding three months from the end of the month in which such property was seized. [Section 20(1)] (ii) The officer authorised by the Director immediately after he has passed an order for retention of the property for purposes of adjudication under section 8 shall forward a copy of the order along with the material in his possession, referred to in sub-section (1), to the Adjudicating Authority in a sealed envelope, in the manner as may be prescribed and such Adjudicating Authority shall keep such order and material for such period as may be prescribed. [Section 20(2)] (iii) On the expiry of the period specified in sub-section (1), the property shall be returned to the person from whom such property was seized unless the Adjudicating Authority permits retention of such property beyond the said period. [Section 20(3)] (iv) The Adjudicating Authority, before authorising the retention of such property beyond the period specified in sub-section (1), shall satisfy himself that the property is prima facie involved in money-laundering and the property is required for the purposes of adjudication under section 8. [Section 20(4)] (v) After passing the order of confiscation under sub-section (6) of section 8, the Adjudicating Authority shall direct the release of all properties other than the properties involved in money-laundering to the person from whom such properties were seized. [Section 20(5)] (vi) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (5), the Director or any officer authorised by him in this behalf may withhold the release of any property until filing of appeal under section 26 or forty-five days from the date of order under sub-section (5), whichever is earlier, if he is of the opinion that such property is relevant for the proceedings before the Appellate Tribunal. [Section 20(6)] 6. Retention of records (i) Where any records have been seized, under section 17, or section 18, and the Investigating Officer or any other officer authorised by the Director in this behalf has reason to believe that any of such records are required to be retained for any inquiry under this Act, he may retain such records for a period not exceeding three months from the end of the month in which such records were seized. [Section 22(1)] (ii) The person, from whom records were seized, shall be entitled to obtain copies of records retained under sub-section (1). [Section 22(2)] (iii) On the expiry of the period specified under sub-section (1), the records shall be returned to the person from whom such records were seized unless the Adjudicating Authority permits retention of such records beyond the said period. [Section 22(3)] (iv) The Adjudicating Authority, before authorising the retention of such records beyond the period mentioned in sub-section (1), shall satisfy himself that the records are required for the purposes of adjudication under section 8. [Section 22(4)] (v) After passing of an order of confiscation under sub-section (6) of section 8, the Adjudicating Authority shall direct the release of the records to the person from whom such records were seized. [Section 22(5)] (vi) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (5), the Director or any officer authorised by him in this behalf may withhold the release of any records until filing of appeal under section 26 or after forty-five days from the date of order under sub-section (5), whichever is earlier, if he is of the opinion that such records are relevant for the proceedings before the Appellate Tribunal. [Section 22(6)] 7. Presumption as to records or property in certain cases (i) Where any records or property are or is found in the possession or control of any person in the course of a survey or a search, it shall be presumed that -- (a) such records or property belong or belongs to such person; (b) the contents of such records are true; and (c) the signature and every other part of such records which purport to be in the handwriting of any particular person or which may reasonably be assumed to have been signed by, or to be in the handwriting of, any particular person, are in that persons handwriting, and in the case of a record, stamped, executed or attested, that it was executed or attested by the person by whom it purports to have been so stamped, executed or attested. [Section 22(1)] (ii) Where any records have been received from any place outside India, duly authenticated by such authority or person and in such manner as may be prescribed, in the course of proceedings under this Act, the Special Court, the Appellate Tribunal or the Adjudicating Authority, as the case may be, shall-- (a) presume, that the signature and every other part of such record which purports to be in the handwriting of any particular person or which the court may reasonably assume to have been signed by, or to be in the handwriting of, any particular person, is in that persons handwriting; and in the case of a record executed or attested, that it was executed or attested by the person by whom it purports to have been so executed or attested; (b) admit the document in evidence, notwithstanding that it is not duly stamped, if such document is otherwise admissible in evidence. [Section 22(2)] 8. Presumption in inter-connected transactions Where money-laundering involves two or more inter-connected transactions and one or more such transactions is or are proved to be involved in money-laundering, then for the purposes of adjudication or confiscation under section 8, it shall, unless otherwise proved to the satisfaction of the Adjudicating Authority, be presumed that the remaining transactions form part of such inter-connected transactions. 9. Burden of proof When a person is accused of having committed the offence under section 3, the burden of proving that proceeds of crime are untainted property shall be on the accused. SUBSCRIBE FOR FULL CONTENT

The Tax Publishers Search, Seizures, etc.1. Power of survey

(i) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other provisions of this Act, where an authority, on the basis of material in his possession, has reason to believe (the reasons for such belief to be recorded in writing) that an offence under section 3 has been committed, he may enter any place --

(a) within the limits of the area assigned to him; or

(b) in respect of which he is authorised for the purposes of this section by such other authority, who is assigned the area within which such place is situated,

at which any act constituting the commission of such offence is carried on, and may require any proprietor, employee or any other person who may at that time and place be attending in any manner to, or helping in, such act so as to, --

(a) afford him the necessary facility to inspect such records as he may require and which may be available at such place;

(b) afford him the necessary facility to check or verify the proceeds of crime or any transaction related to proceeds of crime which may be found therein; and

(c) furnish such information as he may require as to any matter which may be useful for, or relevant to, any proceedings under this Act. [Section 16(1)]

The Explanation to section 16(1) states that, for the purposes of this sub-section, a place, where an act which constitutes the commission of the offence is carried on, shall also include any other place, whether any activity is carried on therein or not, in which the person carrying on such activity states that any of his records or any part of his property relating to such act are or is kept. [Explanation to section 16(1)]

(ii) The authority referred to in sub-section (1) shall, after entering any place referred to in that sub-section immediately after completion of survey, forward a copy of the reasons so recorded along with material in his possession, referred to in that sub-section, to the Adjudicating Authority in a sealed envelope in the manner as may be prescribed and such Adjudicating Authority shall keep such reasons and material for such period as may be prescribed. [Section 16(2)]

(iii) An authority acting under this section may --

(a) place marks of identification on the records inspected by him and make or cause to be made extracts or copies therefrom,

(b) make an inventory of any property checked or verified by him, and

(c) record the statement of any person present in the place which may be useful for, or relevant to, any proceeding under this Act. [Section 16(3)]

2. Search and seizure

(i) Where the Director, on the basis of information in his possession, has reason to believe (the reason for such belief to be recorded in writing) that any person --

(a) has committed any act which constitutes money-laundering, or

(b) is in possession of any proceeds of crime involved in money-laundering, or

then, subject to the rules made in this behalf, he may authorise any officer subordinate to him to --

(a) enter and search any building, place, vessel, vehicle or aircraft where he has reason to suspect that such records or proceeds of crime are kept;

(b) break open the lock of any door, locker, safe, almirah or other receptacle for exercising the powers conferred by clause (a) where the keys thereof are not available;

(d) place marks of identification on such record or make or cause to be made extracts or copies therefrom;

(e) make a note or an inventory of such record or property;

(f) examine on oath any person, who is found to be in possession or control of any record or property, in respect of all matters relevant for the purposes of any investigation under this Act. [Section 17(1)]

However, no search shall be conducted unless, in relation to an offence under--

(a) Paragraph 1 of Part A and Part B of the Schedule, a report has been forwarded to a Magistrate under section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973; or

(b) Paragraph 2 of Part A of the Schedule, a police report or a complaint has been filed for taking cognizance of an offence by the Special Court constituted under sub-section (1) of section 36 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985. [Proviso to section 17(1)]

(ii) The authority, who has been authorised under sub-section (1) shall, immediately after search and seizure, forward a copy of the reasons so recorded along with material in his possession, referred to in that sub-section, to the Adjudicating Authority in a sealed envelope, in the manner, as may be prescribed and such Adjudicating Authority shall keep such reasons and material for such period, as may be prescribed. [Section 17(2)]

(iii) Where an authority, upon information obtained during survey under section 16, is satisfied that any evidence shall be or is likely to be concealed or tampered with, he may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, enter and search the building or place where such evidence is located and seize that evidence. [Section 17(3)]

However, no authorisation referred to in sub-section (1) shall be required for search under this sub-section. [Proviso to section 17(3)]

(iv) The authority, seizing any record or property under this section, shall, within a period of thirty days from such seizure, file an application, requesting for retention of such record or property, before the Adjudicating Authority. [Section 17(4)]

3. Search of persons

(i) If an authority, authorised in this behalf by the Central Government by general or special order, has reason to believe (the reason for such belief to be recorded in writing) that any person has secreted about his person or in anything under his possession, ownership or control, any record or proceeds of crime which may be useful for or relevant to any proceedings under this Act, he may search that person and seize such record or property which may be useful for or relevant to any proceedings under this Act. [Section 18(1)]

(ii) The authority, who has been authorised under sub-section (1) shall, immediately after search and seizure, forward a copy of the reasons so recorded along with material in his possession, referred to in that sub-section, to the Adjudicating Authority in a sealed envelope, in the manner, as may be prescribed, and such Adjudicating Authority shall keep such reasons and material for such period, as may be prescribed. [Section 18(2)]

(iii) Where an authority is about to search any person, he shall, if such person so requires, take such person within twenty-four hours to the nearest Gazetted Officer, superior in rank to him, or a Magistrate. [Section 18(3)]

However, the period of twenty-four hours shall exclude the time necessary for the journey undertaken to take such person to the nearest Gazetted Officer, superior in rank to him, or Magistrates Court. [Proviso to section 18(3)]

(iv) If the requisition under sub-section (3) is made, the authority shall not detain the person for more than twenty-four hours prior to taking him before the Gazetted Officer, superior in rank to him, or the Magistrate referred to in that sub-section. [Section 18(4)]

This is however provided that the period of twenty-four hours shall exclude the time necessary for the journey from the place of detention to the office of the Gazetted Officer, superior in rank to him, or the Magistrates Court. [Proviso to section 18(4)]

(v) The Gazetted Officer or the Magistrate before whom any such person is brought, shall, if he sees no reasonable ground for search, forthwith discharge such person but otherwise shall direct that search be made. [Section 18(5)]

(vi) Before making the search under sub-section (1) or sub-section (5), the authority shall call upon two or more persons to attend and witness the search, and the search shall be made in the presence of such persons. [Section 18(6)]

(vii) The authority shall prepare a list of record or property seized in the course of the search and obtain the signatures of the witnesses on the list. [Section 18(7)]

(viii) No female shall be searched by any one except a female. [Section 18(8)]

(ix) The authority shall record the statement of the person searched under sub-section (1) or sub-section (5) in respect of the records or proceeds of crime found or seized in the course of the search. [Section 18(9)]

However, no search of any person shall be made unless, in relation to an offence under --

(a) Paragraph 1 of Part A or Paragraph 1 or Paragraph 2 or Paragraph 3 or Paragraph 4 or Paragraph 5 of Part B of the Schedule, a report has been forwarded to a Magistrate under section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973; or

(xx) The authority, seizing any record or property under sub-section (1) shall, within a period of thirty days from such seizure, file an application requesting for retention of such record or property, before the Adjudicating Authority. [Section 18(10)]

4. Power to arrest

(i) If the Director, Deputy Director, Assistant Director or any other officer authorised in this behalf by the Central Government by general or special order, has on the basis of material in his possession reason to believe (the reason for such belief to be recorded in writing) that any person has been guilty of an offence punishable under this Act, he may arrest such person and shall, as soon as may be, inform him of the grounds for such arrest. [Section 19(1)]

(ii) The Director, Deputy Director, Assistant Director or any other officer shall, immediately after arrest of such person under sub-section (1), forward a copy of the order along with the material in his possession, referred to in that sub-section, to the Adjudicating Authority in a sealed envelope, in the manner, as may be prescribed and such Adjudicating Authority shall keep such order and material for such period, as may be prescribed. [Section 19(2)]

(iii) Every person arrested under sub-section (1) shall, within twenty-four hours, be taken to a Judicial Magistrate or a Metropolitan Magistrate, as the case may be, having jurisdiction. [Section 19(3)]

However, the period of twenty-four hours shall exclude the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Magistrates Court. [Section 19(4)]

5. Retention of property

(i) Where any property has been seized under section 17 or section 18, and the officer authorised by the Director in this behalf has, on the basis of material in his possession, reason to believe (the reason for such belief to be recorded by him in writing) that such property is required to be retained for the purposes of adjudication under section 8, such property may be retained for a period not exceeding three months from the end of the month in which such property was seized. [Section 20(1)]

(ii) The officer authorised by the Director immediately after he has passed an order for retention of the property for purposes of adjudication under section 8 shall forward a copy of the order along with the material in his possession, referred to in sub-section (1), to the Adjudicating Authority in a sealed envelope, in the manner as may be prescribed and such Adjudicating Authority shall keep such order and material for such period as may be prescribed. [Section 20(2)]

(iii) On the expiry of the period specified in sub-section (1), the property shall be returned to the person from whom such property was seized unless the Adjudicating Authority permits retention of such property beyond the said period. [Section 20(3)]

(iv) The Adjudicating Authority, before authorising the retention of such property beyond the period specified in sub-section (1), shall satisfy himself that the property is prima facie involved in money-laundering and the property is required for the purposes of adjudication under section 8. [Section 20(4)]

(v) After passing the order of confiscation under sub-section (6) of section 8, the Adjudicating Authority shall direct the release of all properties other than the properties involved in money-laundering to the person from whom such properties were seized. [Section 20(5)]

(vi) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (5), the Director or any officer authorised by him in this behalf may withhold the release of any property until filing of appeal under section 26 or forty-five days from the date of order under sub-section (5), whichever is earlier, if he is of the opinion that such property is relevant for the proceedings before the Appellate Tribunal. [Section 20(6)]

6. Retention of records

(i) Where any records have been seized, under section 17, or section 18, and the Investigating Officer or any other officer authorised by the Director in this behalf has reason to believe that any of such records are required to be retained for any inquiry under this Act, he may retain such records for a period not exceeding three months from the end of the month in which such records were seized. [Section 22(1)]

(ii) The person, from whom records were seized, shall be entitled to obtain copies of records retained under sub-section (1). [Section 22(2)]

(iii) On the expiry of the period specified under sub-section (1), the records shall be returned to the person from whom such records were seized unless the Adjudicating Authority permits retention of such records beyond the said period. [Section 22(3)]

(iv) The Adjudicating Authority, before authorising the retention of such records beyond the period mentioned in sub-section (1), shall satisfy himself that the records are required for the purposes of adjudication under section 8. [Section 22(4)]

(v) After passing of an order of confiscation under sub-section (6) of section 8, the Adjudicating Authority shall direct the release of the records to the person from whom such records were seized. [Section 22(5)]

(vi) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (5), the Director or any officer authorised by him in this behalf may withhold the release of any records until filing of appeal under section 26 or after forty-five days from the date of order under sub-section (5), whichever is earlier, if he is of the opinion that such records are relevant for the proceedings before the Appellate Tribunal. [Section 22(6)]

7. Presumption as to records or property in certain cases

(i) Where any records or property are or is found in the possession or control of any person in the course of a survey or a search, it shall be presumed that --

(a) such records or property belong or belongs to such person;

(b) the contents of such records are true; and

(c) the signature and every other part of such records which purport to be in the handwriting of any particular person or which may reasonably be assumed to have been signed by, or to be in the handwriting of, any particular person, are in that persons handwriting, and in the case of a record, stamped, executed or attested, that it was executed or attested by the person by whom it purports to have been so stamped, executed or attested. [Section 22(1)]

(ii) Where any records have been received from any place outside India, duly authenticated by such authority or person and in such manner as may be prescribed, in the course of proceedings under this Act, the Special Court, the Appellate Tribunal or the Adjudicating Authority, as the case may be, shall--

(a) presume, that the signature and every other part of such record which purports to be in the handwriting of any particular person or which the court may reasonably assume to have been signed by, or to be in the handwriting of, any particular person, is in that persons handwriting; and in the case of a record executed or attested, that it was executed or attested by the person by whom it purports to have been so executed or attested;

(b) admit the document in evidence, notwithstanding that it is not duly stamped, if such document is otherwise admissible in evidence. [Section 22(2)]

8. Presumption in inter-connected transactions

Where money-laundering involves two or more inter-connected transactions and one or more such transactions is or are proved to be involved in money-laundering, then for the purposes of adjudication or confiscation under section 8, it shall, unless otherwise proved to the satisfaction of the Adjudicating Authority, be presumed that the remaining transactions form part of such inter-connected transactions.

9. Burden of proof

When a person is accused of having committed the offence under section 3, the burden of proving that proceeds of crime are untainted property shall be on the accused.